Classification of Organic Compoumds
1. Saturated Hydrocarbons: Compounds made up of Carbon and Hydrogen are called Hydrocarbons.If such compounds have only sigma σ bonds then it is called Saturated Hydrocarbons . Example :
Ethane.
2. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons which has at least one Pi π bonds then it is called Unsaturated Hydrocarbons . Example :
Propene.
Unsaturated compounds with C⚌C are called Alkene Example : Ethene , Propene etc , whereas unsaturated compounds with C☰C are classified as Alkyne. Example :
Acetylene.
2-Butyne
3. Acyclic Compounds : Open chain compounds are called Acyclic Compounds. Example :
Pentane.
2-Pentene
4. Cyclic Compounds : Compounds with ring or cycles are called Cyclic Compounds. Example :
CycloButane
Cyclohexane Benzene
4. Aromatic Compounds : At this level just the benzene or benzoid hydrocarbons may be considered as Aromatic.Such compounds are cyclic , has SP2 carbon in ring and has 3,5,7--- pi π bonds in a ring. Example :
Benzene
Napthalene
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
5. Hetero-Aromatic Compounds : If an aromatic compound has atleast one atom other than Carbon in aromatic ring, then it is known as Hetero-Aromatic Compounds. Example :
Pyrrole ,
Furan ,
Thiophen ,
Pyridine ,
Imidazole ,
Oxazole
5. Homo-Aromatic Compounds : If an aromatic compound has only one type of atom in aromatic ring ( Carbon ), then it is known as Homo-Aromatic Compounds. Example :
Benzene
6. Aliphatic Compounds : It is a historical term . All compounds those are neither Aromatic nor Anti-aromatic are known as Aliphatic Compounds. . Example :
Cyclohexane ,2-Pentene
7. Alicyclic Compounds : All compounds those are aliphatic as well as Cyclic are known as Alicyclic Compounds. Example :
Cyclohexane ,
8. Homocyclic Compounds : All compounds in which ring / cycle is madeup of onlyone type of atom (Carbon) is called Homocyclic Compounds. Example :
Cyclohexane ,
9. Heterocyclic Compounds : All compounds in which ring / cycle has atleast one atom other than Carbon is called Heterocyclic Compounds. Example :
Tetrahydrofuran ,Oxazole
10.Anti-Aromatic Compounds : At this level just the Cyclobutadiene may be considered as Anti-Aromatic.Such compounds are cyclic , has SP2 carbon in ring and has 2 pi π bonds in a ring. Example :
Cyclobutadiene
11.Bicyclo Compounds : Compounds in which two cycles are fused at two different atoms . Example :
Bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane
12.Spirocyclic Compounds : Compounds in which two cycles are fused at atom. Example :
Spiro(2.4)heptane